Deformation mechanism of a strong and ductile maraging steel investigated using X-ray synchrotron diffraction

Li, H.*; Liu, Y.*; Zhao, W.*; Liu, B.*; 冨永 亜希; 菖蒲 敬久; Wei, D.*

International Journal of Plasticity, 165, p.103612_1 - 103612_20, 2023/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2023.103612

コバルトフリーのマルエージング鋼の強度特性を明らかにするために、高エネルギー放射光X線回折法を利用したその場引張試験を行った。マルテンサイト相とオーステナイト相からの回折プロファイルが得られ、それらの強度及び幅が負荷に伴い変化している様子が観察された。回折プロファイルを解析した結果、時効(as-aged)材では、低応力レベルにてマルテンサイトの含有量が緩やかに減少し、高応力レベルでは急激に減少した。一方、熱処理(as-solution)材では、応力の増加とともにオーステナイト相がマルテンサイト相に著しく転移変態している結果が得られた。これらのことがそれぞれの強度特性に起因していることを明らかにした。

A Study on convection in molten zone of aluminum alloy during Fe/Al resistance spot welding

伊與田 宗慶*; 松田 朋己*; 佐野 智一*; 茂田 正哉*; 菖蒲 敬久; 湯本 博勝*; Koyama, Takahisa*; Yamazaki, Hiroshi*; 仙波 泰徳*; 大橋 治彦*; et al.

Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 94, p.424 - 434, 2023/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.03.032

Aluminum alloys are increasingly being applied to automobile bodies to reduce the weight of automobiles. In joining steel materials and aluminum alloys using resistance spot welding (RSW), it is important to control the state of intermetallic compounds due to the temperature at the joining interface. In other words, in RSW of Fe/Al dissimilar materials, it is necessary to clarify the heating and cooling phenomena of the interface temperature during joining. Although the convection behavior of the molten aluminum alloy is thought to influence the temperature distribution at the joining interface, there are no studies that have directly observed this phenomenon. In this study, convection in molten zone of aluminum alloy during RSW of steel and aluminum alloy is discussed. Direct observations were attempted in order to clarify the convection behavior of the molten aluminum alloy in RSW of steel and aluminum alloy. The main feature of this experiment is that a real-scale test piece and an RSW apparatus used in actual production were used to observe convection during actual production. The observation experiments were conducted using synchrotron radiation X-ray at SPring-8. During welding, the specimens were irradiated with synchrotron radiation X-ray, and convection was observed from the behavior of tracer particles placed on the specimens. As a results, three types of convection were observed: radial outward convection from the center of the molten zone at the joining interface, convection from the edge of the molten zone toward its center, and weak circulating convection at the edge of the molten zone. And, small convection velocities were generated at the edge of the molten zone. Furthermore, the convection velocity inside the molten zone was calculated to be approximately 1.75 m/s. In addition, it was shown that there is a correlation between convection behavior and the shape of the molten zone.

放射光X線と中性子を相補的に用いた小口径突合せ溶接配管の実応力解析

鈴木 賢治*; 三浦 靖史*; 城 鮎美*; 豊川 秀訓*; 佐治 超爾*; 菖蒲 敬久; 諸岡 聡

材料, 72(4), p.316 - 323, 2023/04

https://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.72.316

Residual stresses in small-bore butt-welded pipe of austenitic stainless steel have never been measured. It is difficult to obtain a detailed residual stress map of the root welded part, because the gauge volume in neutron diffraction is large. The stress evaluation of the welded part by synchrotron X-rays was also difficult due to the dendritic structure. In this study, a double exposure method (DEM) with high-energy synchrotron X-rays was applied to measuring the details of the residual stress of the welded part, and we succeeded in obtaining the detailed axial and radius stress maps of the root welded part of the plate cut from the welded pipe, though the stress map was under the plane stress condition. The hoop stress map of the butt-welded pipe was obtained using the strain scanning method with neutrons under the triaxial stress state. The axial and radius stress maps under triaxial stress state were made up using the complementary use of the synchrotron X-ray and neutron. As a result, the detailed stress maps of the root welded part of the butt-welded pipe were obtained. The obtained map sufficiently explained the initiation and propagation of SCC.

In-operando measurement of internal temperature and stress in lithium-ion batteries

平野 辰巳*; 前田 壮宏*; 村田 哲之*; 山木 孝弘*; 松原 英一郎*; 菖蒲 敬久; 城 鮎美*; 安田 良*; 高松 大郊*

SPring-8/SACLA利用研究成果集(インターネット), 11(1), p.49 - 57, 2023/02

https://doi.org/10.18957/rr.11.1.49

The temperature rise due to high current/power operations and stress caused by the expansion or contraction of electrodes by lithium (de)-intercalation is known to be a degradation factor in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, in this study, a new technique is proposed to simultaneously measure the internal temperature and stress in the 18650-type LIB during its operation. The operando measurement involved retaining a constant gage volume using rotating spiral slits, obtaining X-ray diffraction images using a highly sensitive two-dimensional detector, and employing the sin method to separate the stress and change in temperature. During the charging process, at the 1C current rate, the anode expansion, owing to the lithium intercalation, induced the radial compressive stress in the Cu anode collector. The radial stress changes of the Cu anode collector were -31 MPa (compression) and 44 MPa (tensile) during the 1C charge and discharge processes, respectively. Moreover, the internal temperature, which was higher than the surface temperature, was calculated by considering the radial stress change during the battery operation. During the 4C cycle, the surface and internal temperatures rose by 26 degree and 42 degree, respectively. The results indicate that the internal temperature and stress in the 18650-LIB were successfully measured during battery operation.

Design and actual performance of J-PARC 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron for high-intensity operation

山本 風海; 金正 倫計; 林 直樹; Saha, P. K.; 田村 文彦; 山本 昌亘; 谷 教夫; 高柳 智弘; 神谷 潤一郎; 菖蒲田 義博; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(9), p.1174 - 1205, 2022/09

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2022.2038301

J-PARC 3GeVシンクロトロン(RCS)は、最大1MWの大強度ビームを25Hzという早い繰り返しで中性子実験及び下流の主リングシンクロトロンに供給することを目的に設計された。2007年の加速器調整運転開始以降、RCSではビーム試験を通じて加速器の設計性能が満たされているかの確認を進め、必要に応じてより安定に運転するための改善を行ってきた。その結果として、近年RCSは1MWのビーム出力で連続運転を行うことが可能となり、共用運転に向けた最後の課題の抽出と対策の検討が進められている。本論文ではRCSの設計方針と実際の性能、および改善点について議論する。

3GeVシンクロトロンビーム入射部における放射線遮蔽体の検討及び設置作業報告

仲野谷 孝充; 神谷 潤一郎; 吉本 政弘; 高柳 智弘; 谷 教夫; 古徳 博文*; 堀野 光喜*; 柳橋 享*; 竹田 修*; 山本 風海

JAEA-Technology 2021-019, 105 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Technology-2021-019.pdf:10.25MB

J-PARC 3GeVシンクロトロン加速器ではビーム出力の増強に伴い、ビーム入射部付近では放射化による機器の表面線量と空間線量率が年々増加している。一方でビーム入射部には人の手によるメンテナンスが欠かせない機器が多数存在しており、作業者の被ばく低減が重要な課題であった。そのため、本加速器施設を管理するJ-PARCセンター加速器ディビジョン加速器第二セクションにおいて、作業者の被ばく低減のための遮蔽体設置を目的としたワーキンググループ「入射部タスクフォース」を設立し、遮蔽体の構造や設置方法等について検討を重ねてきた。結果、ビーム入射部の構造を一部更新し、必要な際に容易に取付けが可能な非常設型の遮蔽体を設置することとした。そして、2020年夏期メンテナンス期間に遮蔽体の設置に必要な更新作業を実施し、遮蔽体の設置を行った。更新作業は高線量下で長期間に渡るため、作業員の被ばく量を抑えることが重要な課題であった。このため、事前に入念に作業計画と作業手順を作成し、作業期間中も様々な被ばく低減対策と個々の被ばく管理を行った。これにより、作業者の被ばく線量を管理目標値以下に抑えることができた。本作業の実施により、ビーム入射部に取付け取外し可能な遮蔽体を設置できるようになった。この遮蔽体により入射部近傍での作業時の被ばく線量の低減に寄与できることが確認できた。夏期メンテナンス期間中のほぼすべてで入射部を占有する大規模な作業となったが、今後の保守作業における被ばく抑制のためには非常に有意義な作業であったと考えられる。

Vacuum tube operation tuning for a high intensity beam acceleration in J-PARC RCS

山本 昌亘; 沖田 英史; 野村 昌弘; 島田 太平; 田村 文彦; 古澤 将司*; 原 圭吾*; 長谷川 豪志*; 大森 千広*; 杉山 泰之*; et al.

Proceedings of 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 21) (Internet), p.1884 - 1886, 2021/08

https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB201

J-PARC 3GeVシンクロトロン(RCS)では、ビームを加速する高周波電圧の発生に四極真空管を用いている。これまでのところ真空管の寿命を延ばすために、真空管に印加するフィラメント電圧を定格値よりも下げて使用している。2020年に初めて、60000時間運転したところで1本の真空管が寿命を迎えた。これは真空管メーカーが推奨(もしくは保障)する運転時間よりも長いことを意味しており、フィラメント電圧を下げることが有効であることを示唆している。しかし、フィラメント電圧を下げて使用すると、電子放出が減ることになる。大強度ビームを加速するときにはビームによって誘起される電圧(ウエイク電圧)を補償するため大振幅の陽極電流が必要となるが、フィラメントからの電子放出が少ないため、それを補おうとしてコントロールグリッド回路を駆動する半導体増幅器が出力不足になる現象が発生した。そこで、実際に印加しているフィラメント電圧の定格に対する割合を85%から95%にしたところ、同じビームパワーを加速するのに必要な半導体増幅器の出力を大幅に減少させることができた。本発表では、フィラメント電圧調整の観点から、真空管のパラメーター測定の結果について述べる。

Feasibility study of magnetic-domain observation by means of non-resonant magnetic X-ray diffraction

稲見 俊哉*; 菖蒲 敬久; 石井 賢司*

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 57(3, Part 2), p.6400105_1 - 6400105_5, 2021/03

https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2020.3046006

Although the observation of magnetic domains well below the surface of a sample appears to be relatively easy, in reality, magnetic domains inside metallic samples have not been investigated in detail due to a lack of adequate techniques. Non-resonant magnetic X-ray diffraction (NRMXRD) is a candidate for such 3-D magnetic microscopy. A relatively small focus size of less than 100 nm and a relatively long attenuation length of more than 100 m can be obtained by using high-energy synchrotron X-rays. However, NRMXRD has a disadvantage in that the magnetic contrast is low. It is known that the magnetic contrast in NRMXRD increases with increasing the total polarization of the incident X-rays. In this feasibility study, we carried out NRMXRD experiments on a metallic iron sample to examine whether the magnetic contrast can be sufficiently enhanced even for high-energy X-rays.

Quantifying the dislocation structures of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys using X-ray diffraction line profile analysis

山中 謙太*; 黒田 あす美*; 伊藤 美優*; 森 真奈美*; Bian, H.*; 菖蒲 敬久; 佐藤 茂男*; 千葉 明彦*

Additive Manufacturing, 37, p.101678_1 - 101678_12, 2021/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101678

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used in aerospace and biomedical industries, and its preparation using additive manufacturing techniques has recently attracted considerable attention. Herein, the dislocation structures developed during electron beam and laser beam powder-bed fusion (EB-PBF and LB-PBF, respectively) of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy were quantitatively examined via XRD line profile analysis. Accordingly, a higher dislocation density and finer crystallite size were observed at the top cross-section from the XRD line profile analysis, suggesting that the extent of phase decomposition depended on the duration of the exposure to the elevated temperature. Nonetheless, the saturated dislocation density was as high as 10 m, where dislocation strengthening affected the overall strength of the EB-PBF specimen. Diffraction peaks of sufficient intensity that enabled the analysis of the dislocation structures in both the (')-matrix and the nanosized beta-phase precipitates at the (')-laths were obtained under high-energy synchrotron radiation; this revealed that the beta-phase had a much higher dislocation density than the surrounding (')-matrix. The enhanced dislocation accumulation in the nanosized -phase precipitates probably reflects the elemental partitioning that occurred during post-solidification cooling. The valuable insights provided in this study are expected to promote further development of alloy preparation using additive manufacturing processes.

Development of cryogenic tensile testing apparatus for lattice strain measurement using synchrotron radiation for REBCO composite conductors

菅野 未知央*; 町屋 修太郎*; 菖蒲 敬久; 城 鮎美*; 梶原 堅太郎*; 中本 達志*

Superconductor Science and Technology, 33(8), p.085003_1 - 085003_10, 2020/08

https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab953e

REBaCuO-delta (REBCO) composite tapes are candidate conductors for future accelerator magnets. Given that REBCO is a brittle oxide film, stress/strain management is important in the mechanical design of a magnet. Therefore, the strain state of a superconducting film should be predicted under various operating conditions. A quantum beam is a useful tool in evaluating the strain state of a superconducting material in a composite conductor. Although various cryogenic tensile testing machines, in combination with neutron beam and synchrotron radiation, have been developed, they are not necessarily optimized for measuring highly textured materials such as REBCO films. This study reports a novel cryogenic tensile testing apparatus that can be used at the beamline of a synchrotron radiation facility. In this system, a superconducting tape is cooled using a Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler through 2.5 m long thermal links made of 5 N high-purity aluminum. This enables a compact cryogenic loading system that can be mounted on the goniometer of a beamline. Lattice strain measurements using synchrotron radiation were conducted at 40 K, 77 K, and 300 K for a commercially available (Y,Gd)BCO coated conductor at BL28B2 in SPring-8. The onset strain of film fracture determined from the lattice strain measurement at 77 K agreed well with the irreversible strain of critical current at the same temperature. The residual and fracture strain of the (Y,Gd)BCO film at 77 K was evaluated as well.